Battles:

French Army, the "Armee du Centre", under the elder General Kellerman had maybe 52,000 men consisting of 35 battalions of infantry, 60 squadrons of cavalry, and 40 guns. The French consisted of about one third regulars and two thirds volunteers.

Valmy is about half way along the main road from Verdun to Rheims. The Prussians had just taken Verdun and were moving on Paris. The morning being foggy the Prussian didn't get formed up into line and moving until 1:00 P.M. being stopped very shortly afterward by French fire. A mutual cannonade continued until 4:00 P.M. when heavy rain put an end to the battle.

The French casualties were about 300 men.
The Prussians lost 180 men killed and wounded.

Although Valmy was anything but a pitched battle it was nevertheless extremely important. The Prussian advance which had looked to put an end to the Revolution was halted and within a month Brunswick was retreating to the Rhine.

French Army of the North, under General Doumouriezwith 40,000 "hastily gathered and ill-disciplined" men.

The Austrians were trained troops in an entrenched position at Jemappes west of Mons. The French were poorly trained but in an enthusiastic attack took the position by storm.

The French certainly took heavy casualties but the exact numbers are unknown.
The Austrians lost about 5,000 men.

This was the first successful attack by French Revolutionary forces. It led to the taking of Belgium (Brussels falling ten days later) and to Saxe-Teschen's resignation.

French Army of about 45,000 men, mostly raw recruits, under General Dumouriez.

Austrian Army of about 40,000 men. Main body under Prince Frederick of Saxe-Coburg. Advance Guard led by Archduke Charles.

The French deployed on the 16th on some heights near Tirlemont about 35 km, or 23 miles, north-west of Leige. The Austrians came up and deployed on the 17th. On the 18th the French attacked. After fierce fighting in the center the French paused to reorganize around noon. However, the Archduke Charles having won his battle to the north intervened bringing on a French defeat.

The French lost about 4,000 men.
The Austrians lost about 2,000 men

This defeat shattered French morale and led to their abandoning their attack on the Netherlands. The Austrians recovered Brussels. Dumouriez defected to the Allies shortly afterwards.

French Army of the North under General Jourdan with around 50,000 raw troops.

The French were moving on Maubeuge attempting to lift the seige there. The Austrians deployed on a plateau near Wattignies village, about 10 km from Maubeuge, in defense of the seige. Initial French attacks on the 15th were beaten off with heavy loss.
Jourdan, however, redeployed about a fifth of his force during the night and on the 16th succeeded in turning the Austrian left flank.

The French lost about 8,000 men.
The Austrians lost about 5,000 men.

The seige of Maubeuge was lifted. Critical because it was the last position the Allies needed to take before being able to move on Paris. Jourdan got to keep his head.

French Army under General Jourdan with about 75,000 men.

This was a fight for Charleroi which the French took just before the battle commenced. The Austrians advanced in several columns on the French redeployed in a defensive ring with rough entrenchments. Although the central column under the Archduke Charles did succeed in taking the village of Fleurus, there were further fortifications beyond it and all the columns were finally beaten off by the French after some six hours of fighting.

The French lost about 5,000 men, maybe more.
The Austrians likely lost about 5,000 men, but perhaps as few as 2,400.

Though essentially a tactical draw as a battle, Fleurus was a significant strategic victory for the French. It resulted in the Austrians deciding to abandon the theatre. As a result the Austrian Netherlands (modern Belgium) fell to the French.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, then simply General Bonaparte, with 9,000 men mainly belonging to LaHarpe's division. Massena led one of LaHarpes's brigades on the decisive flanking attack while LaHarpe himself conducted the pinning frontal assault.

Argenteau's forces had been pushing back a small French brigade under Rampon throughout the days of April the 10th and 11th. This was part of a rather ill co-ordinated Austro-Sardinian offensive against Savona and Genoa. On the 12th the French counter-attacked. LaHarpe's brigade joined Rampon's and did so frontally. While the Austrians were engaged in defending against this Messena's force flanked them on their rear right. Given how the mountainous terrain channeled movement and communications the Austrians stood in danger of being totally cut off. Their force disintegrated trying to withdraw.

The French casualties were likely about 120 men. Messena's force being known to have lost about 50 men
The Allies lost 700 men killed, wounded, and (mostly) missing according to Austrian official returns although Napoleon claimed 3,000, and several modern authorities give 2,500. Regardless, more importantly, according to Argenteau's own account his force was effectively destroyed at the end of the day. His men were exhausted and scattered. He was left with only 700 disorganized men under his direct control.

Napoleon had identified a low pass running west and slightly north from the area of Savona through Millesimo and Ceva to the area of Mondovi as the primary route he needed to open for his Army to able to establish itself in the plains of Northern Italy. Montenotte lay north of this route's eastern end. Stalling the Austrian threat in this area so he could fall upon the Sardinians under Colli was a necessary first step in his plans. So although the actual losses in this series of hard fought but small skirmishs are uncertain and likely not that high, the undeniable disorganization of the Austrians was a critical precondition to Napoleon's final success.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, forces under General Augereau with two demi-brigades and Joubert's brigade, about 10,000 men in all, were engaged.

The main French attack came on the 13th. The plan had been that it would be spearheaded by Augereau's division attacking through Carcare from the south and then east along the Savona-Ceva road to Millesimo. As it happened Carcare was occupied without resistance on the evening of the 12th, but Augereau's main force then got held up by the castle of Cassario on the 13th. The Sardinians had hastily thrown a picked force of men into it after the Austrian set-backs of the 12th. While the French main force made fruitless and costly attacks upon Cassario, a demi-brigade of Augereau's commanded by Menard by-passed the castle and drove the Sardinians out of Millesimo. Being the day's only French success this is what made its way into Napoleon's reports and the history books. The Allied force in Cassario, surrounded and short of supplies, finally surrendered on the morning of the 14th.

The French casualties were likely about 1,200 men, at least 600 at Cassario.
The Allies likely lost about 1,200 men, at least 800 at Cassario

Although it put a days delay into French plans and a dent into their morale the isolated bravery of the defenders at Cassario failed to affect the campaign's course. By the morning of the 14th the French were solidly in place to continue their attack against either the Austrians in Dego or the Sardinians at Montezemolo. Montezemolo which is between Millesimo and Ceva is the highest point in the road between Savona and Ceva which Napoleon was seeking to capture. Dego was a vital point on the main line of communications between the Austrian and Sardinian armies.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, the 8,500 men of Messena's division were directly engaged initially. Later joined by perhaps 8,000 men of LaHarpe's division.

Massena attacked Dego on the morning of the 14th with another of his frontal pinning attacks combined with a flanking maneuver. He took the position rather easily at a cost of about 200 French dead. The Austrian defending force had about twice as many dead and thousands of them were taken prisoner. Both the original 4,000 defenders of Dego under Colonel Avogadro and a relief column under General Argenteau were caught up in the Austrian rout.

At nightfall on the 14th while their cavalry pursued the defeated Austrians the poorly supplied French soldiers dispersed to forage and loot. Early the next morning a force of some 3,000 plus Austrians under Colonel Vukassovich surprised the unwary French routing them in their turn, taking many of them prisoner.

However, by the middle of the 15th Messena and a furious Napoleon were staging yet another counter-attack with both Massena's own troops and those of LaHarpe's division. Despite inflicting severe casualities of about 1000 men upon the French Vukassovich was forced out of Dego. He managed to extricate only a small fraction of his men from the defeat.

The French casualties were somewhere between 1000 and 2000 men, 200 to 400 dead.
The Allies lost 4000 to 6000 men, upwards of 400 dead, but most taken prisoner

Once again the initiative of individual Allied commanders and the bravery of their men was wasted due to ineffective overall command. The French may have been deeply disturbed by events at Dego and Napoleon temporarily induced to greater caution, but stategically Napoleon had succeeded in separating the Austrian and Sardinian armies from each other. He was now free to fall upon the Sardinians under Colli without fear of Austrian interference.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, then simply General Bonaparte, with 24,000 men. Generals Augereau and Serurier commanded the main two divisions engaged.

Ceva was a fortified location the taking of which had figured largely in Napoleon's planning from the beginning of the campaign. Augereau's forces suffered about 150 casualities in an unsuccessful assault they made on the 16th. The next day they tried again this time in conjunction with the 9,000 men of Serurier's division coming up from the south. Colli had already withdrawn the night before. He'd feared being outflanked by Serurier. The French found that only a garrision in the fortress remained. They occupied the town and surrounding fortifications without opposition. Morever although the fortress garrison refused to surrender it did not harass the main body of French troops that Napoleon ordered to bypass it.

The French casualties were likely about 750 men.
The Allies probably lost about 350 men in actual battle, but more (up to several thousand) from desertion and straggling

How to take the excellent defensive position at Ceva had been a major concern of Napoleons. Having mostly neutralized it without having to bring up artillery and making a setpiece attack was a major stroke of good fortune. It also let Napoleon shorten his extremely overstretched supply lines as the route to Ceva from the south was much shorter than that through Savona. Still the French supply situation remained very bad and Napoleon needed to break through to the wealthy plains of Northern Italy quickly before his army disintegrated.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, then simply General Bonaparte, with 23,000 men

After his withdrawal from Ceva Colli had taken up positions at San Michele several miles east of Mondovi. This excellant defensive position was covered by the Tanaro river in the north and the Corsaglia river to the south. On the morning of the 19th Serurier attacked in the south and Augereau in the north. Without artillery support they took heavy losses and their hungry and undisciplined troops gave up their few gains to Sardinian counter-attacks. The French spent the 20th re-grouping. The Sardinians spent the day assessing their situation and found they didn't like it. The Austrians under Beaulieu having regrouped to the north-east and French troops on their left under Masssena threatening their communications with Turin they decided to withdraw once more. Destroying the bridges over the Corsaglia they started withdrawing on the night of the 20th. This time Napoleon did not let them get away. He defeated their rearguard during the night and entered the town of Mondovi early on the 21st as Colli's army retreated in disorder.

The French casualties were likely about 700 men.
The Sardinians lost about 400 men
As usual in this part of the campaign losses through desertion and straggling dwarfed actual casualities, both sides suffering badly from poor supplies, bad weather and difficult terrain.

With the capture of Mondovi the path to the plains of Northern Italy lay open. Of more immediate importance vast supplies of food and equipment the French Army desperately needed were captured intact. The Sardinian army was a shambles and they'd begun negotiations for a separate peace.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, then simply General Bonaparte, with 12,000 men actually engaged consisting of an Advance-Guard under General Dallemagne supported by LaHarpe's division.

After extracting his army from Piedmont, the Austrian general Beaulieu set up a cordon defence of Lombardy behind the flood swollen Po River. He destroyed all the bridges across it. This made any direct frontal attack by the French problematic, but it also meant the Austrians were in turn unable to easily interfere with French movements.

Napoleon exploited this by rapidly marching across the Austrian front to their far left wing and crossing at Piacenza on May 7th. The Austrian force under Liptay that Beaulieu had dispatched to oppose this crossing arrived too late.

Instead reaching reaching the village of Fombio north of the Po near Piacenza it stopped and dug in to await the French attack. This attack came early on the 8th. By the evening, after heavy fighting the forces under Liptay had been pushed out of Fombio. They retreated north through the town of Codogno and to the crossing of the Adda River at Pizzighettone. The French took Codogno but almost lost it again when a column from the Austrian main army stumbled across them during the night. LaHarpe, the senior French general on the scene, was killed amid the confusion.

The French loss of momentum allowed the Austrian Army to escape intact.

The French casualties were more than 450 men, at least 150 killed.
The Austrians lost close to 1000 men, mostly prisoners

The actions of Fombio/Codogno sealed the success of Napoleon's crossing at Piacenza and doomed the Austrian defence of the Duchy of Milan. However, they also put paid to Napoleon's hope of either trapping the Austrian Army or at least forcing it to retreat north and away from its eminently defensible base at Mantua.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, then simply General Bonaparte, with about 15,000 men. Advance-Guard under Dallemagne later supported by Massena's and Augereau's divisions.

The bulk of the Austrian Army had got across the Adda River on the 9th, but the French caught up with its rearguard under General Sebottendorf at the Lodi crossing on the 10th. They took the town itself without difficulty in the morning but the bridge across the Adda was better defended.

Most of the day passed in an artillery duel as the French brought up more guns and men.

Finally around six the Advanced-Guard of 3,500 picked men stormed across the bridge with the encouragement of many higher ranking officiers including Lannes, Dallemagne, Messena and Berthier. Napoleon had taken a hand in the laying of the supporting cannon. The first line of Austrians broke and fled.
Faced with the deploying divisions of Augereau and Messena as well as the Advance-Guard the Austrian rearguard as a whole made an orderly retreat. Apparently the French were too exhausted or it was too late for them to vigorously pursue the Austrians.

The French casualties were at least 500 men, and likely closer to 2000.
The Austrians lost about 2100 men

Lodi was a French tactical victory. It may have had wider repercussions by cementing the relationship between the leadership of the French Army of Italy and their troops. However, any hope Napoleon may have had of catching a retreating Austrian Army and destroying it with a vigorous pursuit were dashed. The Austrians had got away to fight another day, and would have time to properly garrison Mantua. The French Army took several weeks in which it occupied Milan, got some deserved rest, and received its first pay in years.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, then simply General Bonaparte, with 28,000 men

After evacuating Lombardy Beaulieu reinforced the garrison of Mantua to the fortress' full capacity of over 12,000 men.

The remainder of his Army he used to form another cordon defence, this time behind the river Mincio. The Mincio runs from Lake Garda and past Mantua before reaching the Po. There were four bridges across the Mincio at Peschiera, Borghetto, Goita and Rivalta.

Napoleon carefully designed his approach manoeuvres so as to confuse the Austrians as to which of these he intended to take. He launched Augereau at Peschiera in a major diversionary attack.

This may have been wasted effort, as Beaulieu was sick and the Austrian command riven with dissent.

In any case, when the advance guard of picked men under General Kilmaine stormed the crossing at Borghetto they quickly took it despite sharp resistance by the small Austrian force there.

Supporting units beat off the limited Austrian counter attacks and fanned out east of the crossing thereby splitting Beaulieu’s field army in half.

The French casualties were at least 100 men likely about 150 men total.
The Austrians lost roughly 600 men

His field force dismembered Beaulieu retreated up the Adige river valley towards Trento. Napoleon now held Northern Italy with the exception of Mantua. The remainder of the campaign would consist of his beating off attempts by successive Austrian armies to relieve the besieged garrison there.

French Army of Italy under Napoleon, then simply General Bonaparte, actually engaged piecemeal by brigades were the divisions of Despinoy with 4,000 men. and Massena with maybe 11,000 men around Lonato itself. For particular periods Augereau's division also participated in the battles against the Austrian Western column. Serurier's division gave up two brigades, one each to reinforce Augereau's and Massena's divisions. The smaller divisions of Kilmaine and Sauret, about 5,000 men each, also played a role in defeating Quosdanovich's forces. Both of these gentleman fell ill during the campaign and their units were temporarily commanded by Beaumont and Guieu respectively. So in summary starting with a weak division of about 4,000 men the French reinforced until almost their whole army, something excess of 30,000 men, was concentrated against Quosdanovich.

The week's action in which Napoleon first stopped and then forced back the Austrian western column under Quosdanovich was a chaotic dogfight of which the two actions at Lonato were only a representative part.
The first of these actions took place on July 31st between Ott's brigade in Lonato and Despinoy with about 4,500 men who succeeded after a hard fought action in forcing Ott back.
The second action was on August 31st in which Massena with about 11,000 men managed to throughly maul the much out-numbered brigade under Osckay.
Overall the situation went from one in which Quosdanovich with the advantages of superior numbers and surprise had managed to sever the French main line of communications, and Napoleon was seriously considering retreat to Lombardy, to one where Quosdanovich was retreating north having lost half his men.
Part of the reason for this was a fatal Austrian inability to co-ordinate their various forces, both the main columns and the brigades within them. But Napoleon's decisive willingness to abandon the seige of Mantua, and by harsh forced marchs combine his whole army sucessively against the separate columns of Austrians was also key.

The French casualties were likely about 5,000 men over the week.
The Austrians lost about 7,000 men in the same period

Quosdanvich's threat to French communications was beat off and his forces prevented from combining with or even indirectly aiding the main column under Wurmser. The price the French paid was having to lift the seige of Mantua and losing their seige train in the bargain.

French Army under Napoleon about 30,000 men mostly raw conscripts.

The battle at Brienne starting with Napoleon pinning Blucher's Prussians with Grouchy's cavalry and horse artillery in the late morning at Brienne on the Aube. The main attack with Ney's Corps and part of Victor's went in in the middle of the afternoon. The balance of Napoleon's troops attempted to outflank the Allies to the south. Despite setbacks the French succeeded in taking the town and chateau by evening. An Allied counter-attack failed and fighting had ended by 10:00pm. The Allies fell back on Bar-sur-Aube and Schwarzenberg's force during the night. The French followed the next day.

The French casualties were about 3,000 men.
The Allies lost 4,000 men.

Napoleon caught the advancing Allies dispersed and unprepared, but was only able to bring his own forces up piecemeal. His raw recruits inflicted greater casualities on the Allies, but not enough to be a serious setback to them with their vastly superior numbers. Nor was Napoleon able to follow up his success with a pursuit as Blucher fell back on Schwarztenburg's large and still fresh army. The Allies were put on notice about the sort of fight Napoleon was going to give them without having to pay a high price for the information.

French Army under Napoleon with 40,000 men mostly raw recruits.

The battle took place in a snowstorm on ground south of Brienne. The French were in the process of starting to withdraw when they were forced to deploy to meet a counterattack by Blucher with reinforcments from Schwartzenburg's army. This attack went in around 1:00pm and the battle raged all day. The French right and center held under heavy attack but the situation on the left had to be restored by the commitment of the reserve Young Guard. Napoleon was able to effect a withdrawal after dark.

The French casualties were 6,000 men total, 4,000 killed or wounded, 2,000 prisoners and 50 guns
The Allies lost 6,000 men.

The effect of this battle on both sides morale was disproportionate. The French morale fell and desertions in the immediate aftermath of the battle reached 4,000 men. The Allies became actively overconfident.

French Army under   Napoleon had 30,000 men,   tired and many of them raw recruits with 120 guns.

The French surprised the strung out forces of Blucher's army.  The corps of Marmont and Ney caught Olssufiev's 5,000 Russians by surprise and enjoyed a massive numerical advantage of six to one.  By 10:00 am Olssufiev's pickets were being driven in but expecting support from the rest of Blucher's army Olssufiev stood and fought.  The support never came and by 3:00pm the Russians had been driven back through Champaubert. The Russian retreat was cut off by cavalry that flanked them on both sides.

The French casualties were about 200 men.
The Allies lost  4,000 men many of them taken prisoner including Olssufiev himself.

Another battle that had a disportionate effect on morale this time in the French favor.  This success placed Napoleon between the two wings of Blucher's army and was the prelude to his victories at Montmirail and Vauchamps.

French Army, under Napoleon had 30,000 men.

Enjoying a position between the two wings of Blucher's army under Sacken and Yorck, Napoleon decided to march on Sacken's Russian Corps. Delayed by mud and rain the French had only 6,800 infantry and 4,500 cavalry deployed against Sacken by mid-morning. Furthermore Napoleon was forced to detach a division to hold off the approaching Yorck. Fortunately for the French their reinforcements under Marmont arrived more quickly than the Allied ones under Yorck. Launching an attack around 4:00pm with about 20,000 men they routed Sacken's troops pursuing them west until nightfall. The need to stand off Yorck's force prevented a fuller exploitation of their success.

The French casualties were about 2,000 men.
The Allies lost 4,000 men killed and wounded.

Although a definite French victory Montmirail was not materially decisive. However, it did shake even the ever optimistic Blucher's faith in final Allied victory.

French Army under Napoleon had 25,000 men.

Following his successes at Montmirail and Chateau-Thierry Napoleon turned south to deal with Schwartzenburg's forces leaving Marmont's corps to follow up Blucher's retreat. Blucher counter attacked on February 13th. Marmont slowly withdrew in the face of this. Napoleon marched overnight to Marmonts assistance. On the morning of the 14th the arrival of French cavalry under Grouchy helped Marmont repel Blucher's attacks with Ziethen's allied division being severely mauled. Realizing Napoleon was arriving with reinforcements Blucher disengaged and retreated. This retreat was successful despite the efforts of French cavalry at least partly because the French guns became bogged down in the prevailing mud.

The French casualties were about 600 men.
The Allies lost 7,000 men killed and wounded and 16 guns.

Napoleon managed to inflict severe material loses on Blucher's forces and freed himself to turn south and deal with Schwarzenburg's Army of Bohemia. By the same token he'd failed to deal a death blow or force surrender upon Blucher.

French Army under Napoleon with 37,000 men.

Both sides had plans to trap the other. Blucher hoped to pin Napoleon on the plateau at Croanne and then turn his right flank with a cavalry heavy force. Napoleon unaware of Blucher's plan nevertheless managed to disrupt it with the speed of his advance gaining a foot hold on the plateau before all of Blucher's forces had arrived on March 6th. He then made plans for a pincer attack on the Allied forces on the next day. On March the 7th then both sides launched plans of envelopment. The Allied flanking force under Winzingrode bogged down in marshy terrain. Ney launched the northern french pincer attack early with inadequate artillery support and was beaten off with heavy losses. Blucher then ordered a withdrawal towards Laon.

The French casualties were about 5,400 men.
The Allies casualties were about 5,000 men.

Croanne was tactically inconclusive. Stategically Napoleon was misled into thinking Blucher more badly beaten than he was and overstretched himself pursuing the Allied retreat to Laon.

French Army under Napoleon had about 47,000 men.

Napoleon thought he had Blucher's army on the retreat and wanted to damage it badly enough to at least keep it out of the fight for a period. Blucher drew his forces up in a strong defensive position in front of Laon and frontal attacks proved indecisive so Napoleon sent Marmont's VI Corps with 10,000 men on a wide manoeuvre around the Allied left flank. On March 9th Marmont was surprised by General von Wartenburg and routed. Napoleon held his ground before Laon during March the 10th before marching south to deal with Schwartzenburg.

The French casualties were about 6,000 men.
The Allies lost 4,000 men killed and wounded.

Neither the Allies nor Napoleon got the results from the battle of Laon they had hoped for. Napoleon had managed to first impose upon a much larger force than his own then successfully disenage despite a severe tactical setback. He had needed though a decisive enough victory to remove Blucher's Army of Silesia as a threat to Paris. The Allies for their part had successfully beaten Napoleon off and went on to claim Laon as a great victory. In the end this turned out to be strategically true, but at the time there was great bitterness and division over the failure to follow up the defensive success and severely maul or destroy Napoleon's forces.

The French Army under Napoleon had 28,000 men.

Napoleon was attempting an attack on the Allied Army of Bohemia's communication when his cavalry encountered Allied forces under General Wrede at Arcis-sur-Aube on the 20th. A to and fro cavalry action ensued with the French eventually prevailing. During the night Schwartzenburg deployed 80,000 troops while the French were reinforced to a strength of 28,000. Napoleon had thought he was facing a rearguard action when the truth was revealed on the 21st he immediately withdrew. Schwartzenburg failed to harass him by attacking.

The French casualties were about 3,000 men.
The Allies lost 4,000 men.

Although tactically the French won this battle, strategically it marks the failure of Napoleon's attempt to bluff the Allies into retreating or halting. Superior manoeuvring could not make up for the lack of strength on the battlefield.

French Army under Napoleon with about 80,000 men with 210 guns.

Napoleon surprised the Allies in mid-June of 1815 successfully moving across the French frontier at Charleroi to place himself between the British-Allied and Prussian armies. The ever aggressive Blucher attempted to concentrate his corps around Ligny to the north-east of Charleroi and Fleurus. He met the balance of the French army there on the afternoon of June 16th with the 32,000 troops of Zeithen's corps. The corps of Pirch and Thielmann managed to reinforce him during the day, but Bulow's corps was too far away and failed to appear for the battle. The French managed to force the Prussians out of their positions inflicting a punishing but not lethal defeat upon them. An attempted flanking manouever by Drouet's corps might have made the battle a decisive one but the unit was recalled by Ney to help at Quatre Bras and failed to intervene.

The French lost about 12,000 men.
The Prussians likely lost about 16,000 men,.

Against a less aggressive and determined opponent than Blucher the battle of Ligny might have determined the campaign in the French favor. If the Prussians had retreated on their lines of communication or even simply sat and licked their wounds Wellington would have left to face Napoleon alone at Waterloo. This would have almost certainly have meant defeat for him.

French Army under Ney with about 22,000 men.

Wellington initially left the vital crossroads of Quatre Bras undefended. Initiative on the part of subordinates that were initially badly outnumbered by Ney's forces allowed him to rush in reinforcements and eventually win the day. Not before a number of units had been badly mauled though.

The French lost about 4,000 men.
The Anglo-Allied lost about 4,800 men.

The failure of Ney to seize Quatre Bras and send forces against the flank of the Prussians at Ligny kept that battle from being a decisive French victory. It also allowed the British-Allied forces to retreat to a tenable defensive position at Waterloo where they would be joined by the regrouped Prussians.

French Army under Napoleon with about 72,000 men of which 15,750 cavalry. 246 guns.

Waterloo was the last major battle of the Napoleonic Wars and of Napoleon's career. It was a defensive battle fought on the Brussels road only a little short of the city itself. The weather having been wet the battle didn't start until almost noon despite elements of both armies having camped on the battlefield the night before. The wet ground also reduced the effectiveness of the superior French artillery. So did Wellington's now renowned tactics of deploying his formations on reverse slopes. A set of forward positions at Hougoumont, La Haie Sainte, and Papelotte had to be reduced before the main assaults could go forward and by the time that had been achieved the Prussian forces were appearing on Napoleon's left flank. A major infantry assault was broken at the expense of the destruction of much of the British cavalry. Later French cavalry attacks failed to break the Allied squares. The Imperial Guard made a last ditch attack as the French flank was crumbling under Prussian pressure at Plancenoit. The Guard having been repulsed the French army broke and except for the Guard itself fled. An effective pursuit was launched by arriving Prussian cavalry.

The French lost about 25,000 men in battle, another 16,000 afterward, and 220 guns.
The Anglo-Allies likely lost about 15,000 men. The Prussians lost about 7,000 men.

Waterloo marked the end of Napoleon's career and determined the shape of the 19th century.

French Army under Grouchy with about 33,000 men and 80 guns.

While the balance of Blucher's forces moved to the assistance of Wellington at Waterloo, Thielmann's corps at Wavre held off the French right wing under Grouchy. Although tactically defeated in this engagement Thielmann achieved his strategic objective. Grouchy failed to detain the balance of the Prussian army and failed to intervene at Waterloo himself.

The French lost about 2,500 men.
The Prussians lost about 2,500 men,.

Holding Grouchy at Wavre was a necessary part of the eventual victory at Waterloo. The decisive conclusion of the campaign in the Allied favor.